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General Information about ESL and EFL
ESL Acronyms Here's a list of the most useful ESL acronyms and abbreviations for ESL and EFL teachers.
Differences between EFL and ESL Differences between EFL and ESL primarily relate to where English is being taught. TEFL is taught in a non-English speaking country. TESL is taught in an English-speaking country.
Duties of an ESL Teacher A description of the basic duties of ESL teachers. Work settings include universities, adult schools, K-12, non-profit organizations, private tutoring, etc.
How to Start Teaching ESL/EFL Tips on how to start teaching ESL. ESL/EFL teachers can work in universities, public schools, private language schools, and as private tutors.
TEFL or CELTA Which of these two TESOL certificates is best for you?
Accredited TEFL What does TEFL accreditation mean and is it important in choosing a TESOL course?
CELTA Course Locations Alphabetical list of all CELTA course locations around the world, with contact information.
Pronunciation—Teaching ESL/EFL Students
Past Tense Pronunciation of -ed Endings English past tense pronunciation is often challenging for ESL or EFL students. Simple Past Tense verb endings have three endings: /id/, /t/ and /d/.
Voiced and Unvoiced Sounds One of the first steps in teaching pronunciation to ESL students is teaching the concept of voiced and unvoiced sounds. This will help with past tense pronunciation and other pronunciation challenges.
Voiced or Unvoiced -ed Ending ESL students need to be taught how to determine whether a past tense verb has a voiced or unvoiced -ed ending. This teaches the student how to correctly pronounce Simple Past tense verbs.
List of Verb Tenses Here's the verb tense list you need for teaching ESL to adults. The basic verb tenses are Past, Present and Future, but there are a total of twelve basic grammar tenses that need to be taught.
Irregular Verbs List Here's a comprehensive list of irregular verbs for you and your English language learners.
Teaching Verb Tenses When teaching ESL verb tenses to adults, verb conjugation is only the beginning of the lesson. You also need to teach the functions of the verb tenses, as well as each form of the verb tense.
Simple Tenses
Simple Present Tense Teaching Simple Present verbs to ESL students involves more than just verb conjugation. Form and function are also essential elements of any ESL lesson on the Simple Present tense.
Simple Past Tense Forming simple past tense verbs is only part of what ESL students must learn to master past simple verbs.
Future Simple Tenses Future Simple Tenses are fairly easy for ESL students. Verb conjugation of the Future Simple is easy. ESL students have difficulties knowing when to use the simple tense or "be going to."
Progressive Tenses
Present Progressive Tense Present progressive conjugation requires use of an auxiliary verb and a main verb. Besides conjugation, ESL teachers must also teach form and function of each verb tense.
Past Continuous/Past Progressive Tense The best teaching ideas for the past continuous verb tense and teaching it to ESL students must include verb conjugation, verb form and verb functions.
Future Continuous/Future Progressive The ESL Future Continuous is used to talk about an activity that will be in progress at a certain point in the future. The Simple Future can also be used with little or no difference in meaning.
Using "Will" or "Be Going To" Future Simple tenses include "will" and "be going to." "Will" is used for predictions and willingness. "Be going to" is used for predictions and prior plans.
Perfect Tenses
Present Perfect Present Perfect lesson plans should focus on verb conjugation, verb form and, especially, the function of the verb tense. The Present Perfect has three functions in English grammar.
Past Perfect Tips for Past Perfect lesson plans, including verb conjugation, verb forms and functions of the verb tense. The Simple Past is usually used by ESL students instead of the Past Perfect.
Future Perfect Tips for Future Perfect lesson plans, including verb conjugation, verb forms and functions of the verb tense. The Future Perfect is used to talk about an activity that will be finished before another time or event in the future.
Perfect Progressive Tenses
Present Perfect Continuous/Present Perfect Progressive Tips for teaching Present Perfect Continuous forms, verb conjugation and verb functions. The Present Perfect Continuous is used to talk about the duration of something that began in the past and continues until now. Its use can overlap with the Present Perfect.
Past Perfect Continuous/Past Perfect Progressive Tips for teaching the Past Perfect Continuous tense, including conjugation, forms and functions of the verb tense. The Past Perfect Continuous emphasizes the duration of an activity in the past.
Future Perfect Continuous/Future Perfect Progressive Tips for teaching ESL Future Perfect Continuous verbs. The Future Perfect Continuous tense emphasizes the duration of an activity that will be in progress before another time or event in the future.
Writing ESL Lesson Plans
Making the Best ESL Lesson Plans The best ESL lesson plans are learner-centered and focus on the needs of the student. Every lesson plan should have a topic, objectives, tasks, and an evaluation.
Teaching Reading to ESL Students A list of steps for developing lesson plans teaching reading to ESL students. How to prepare ESL reading activities and ESL beginning reading exercises.
EFL/ESL Worksheets and Exercises
ESL Cloze Exercises What is an ESL cloze exercise? ESL cloze exercises and worksheets can be used for lessons, quizzes and tests. ESL cloze worksheets can consist of sentences, paragraphs or passages and can be used for any ESL grammar point.
Present Tense Verb Worksheets How to use present tense verb worksheets for ESL or EFL learners. List of printable worksheets.
EFL/ESL Resources
ESL Textbook Evaluation An ESL textbook evaluation of essential ESL textbooks an ESL grammar books and dictionaries for ESL teachers and ESL students.
Best ESL Dictionary The Best ESL Dictionary is not specifically an ESL dictionary. The best English dictionary for ESL/EFL teachers and students is Longman Advanced American Dictionary. Learn why.
About "Teaching ESL to Adults" Here's information about the "Teaching ESL to Adults" site and the ESL teacher behind the site.
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